These numbers will tell us if further tuning is required to improve I/O performance. Linux top commands help you monitor CPU and memory usage, disk I/O operations, network activity, port configuration, and a lot more. The next section lists all the devices attached to the computer, and the corresponding TPS (transfers per second), kilobytes read and write numbers, and much more. A high number here would indicate that the I/O is slow, or is being held up in some other process. It would be best if you kept an eye on buffers and caches used by the kernel too. A developer or seasoned sysadmin must know the total amount of free and used physical, including swap memory in the server. Memory plays a critical role in a Linux system. The %iowait column tells us if the CPU is wasting a lot of time waiting for I/O operations to complete. Commands to check memory utilization in Linux Your Linux system must run at an optimal level. 12: iostat outputĪs you can see, the first section of the output is the average CPU usage divided into sections, including userspace, system space, CPU steal, CPU idle, and I/O wait. Figure 12 shows the output of iostat on an Ubuntu 18.04 computer. Using iostat, we can decide if we need to modify system configuration to allow for better or balanced I/O operations. shell script - Command to display Memory usage, Disk Usage and CPU Load - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange. It also provides the CPU utilization for such operations. Iostat is used to monitor such I/O activity on all disks and partitions on a computer. And much like other resources, there's a limit to this bandwidth. to filter by a program PID: top -p .It provides a dynamic real-time view of the running system, and it gives the CPU and memory usage for the whole system, along with for every program, in percentage: top. In other words, every process performs a number of I/O (input/output) operations every second. Beside the solutions listed in the answers, you can use the Linux command 'top'. Whenever a process runs, along with CPU and memory, the process also consumes disk bandwidth. These files are written to the disks attached to the computer. 7: lsof with user filterĪs weâve already mentioned, everything in a Linux computer is controlled using files. Command to filter files of processes listening to a certain port: lsof -i TCP:22įigure 7 shows the list of files opened and owned by the user root.Command to filter files by owner: lsof -u root.We can use various options with the command to filter files for a particular user, or by files used by a certain port, and so on. This table gives us a lot of information, including the command used to run the process that owns the file, the PID, the user who owns the process, the type and size of the file, and more. lsof (or list of open files) is a handy command to quickly see the list of open files and associated processes.įigure 6 shows a truncated list of the lsof command output. So, any issues with hardware, or even software on a Linux machine has to be debugged using files. For example, the network adapters-and even any USB accessory that we plug in-are all controlled using files.
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